Application missing in ''Select Application'' dialog

Problem:

You would like to open a file of a specific mimetype with a specific application and the Select Application dialog box (Open with > Other application...) does not show the desired application. Since Gnome 3 it is not possible anymore to manually enter a startup command.

Solution:

Check that a correct .desktop file for the application exists. This means the line Exec=... has to include %f. If this is not the case, copy the file from /usr/share/applications to ~/.local/share/applications and add  %f to the end of the Exec=... line.